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Caribbean Shaktism within Regions

I realized I used to always talk about the two sides of Shaktism being just "Bhojpuri Hinduism" and "Tamil Mariamman base" but I've realized that with the interactions i've had in the communities that there is a lot of not only regional differences but outside influences that aren't just Bhojpuri and Tamil. Guyana In Guyana, Caribbean Shaktism is known as Madras Religion. Guyanese Caribbean Shaktism has mainly Bhojpuri influence, which is found in iconography, temple architecture, prayers being done with kirtan, vocabulary and the food offerings (lapsi and sohari for Mariamman, roat for Hanuman, etc). You will often find that many of the prayers and forms of doing puja, even down to how someone catches trance, differs from Tamil Shaktism. Unlike Tamil Shaktism where prayers are spoken in a quick-paced manner, Guyanese Shaktism tends to sing the prayers like how it is often done in North India. Many also cover their heads with their saree during services, something not found in Tamil Nadu unless its a funeral. Even the names of the Tamil deities are shaped by Bhojpuri influence: Kateriyamman becomes Kateri Maa, Muniswaran becomes Muneshwaran, Sangili Karuppar becomes Sanganie Baba, Angala Paramesvari becomes Permeshwari Maa, and you will often hear Kali called Kali Maa rather than Kaliamman. Obviously Christianity also influenced Caribbean Shaktism, usually not in syncretizations but in vocabulary: a puja becomes service, a kovil is sometimes called church, etc. Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad's version of Shaktism, which most just call Kali Puja, is a lot more Creolized, having much more Bhojpuri influence (basically the same things as Guyana in that influence, but they use a lot more Bhojpuri bhajans in their worship with thappu compared to Guyana which uses almost only Tamil songs), Catholic syncreticism due to Spanish and French influence, Chinese folk influence, as well as African religious substrate. In temples in Trinidad, it is super common to see saint candles or statues of saints next to the murthis of devathas. There are even set syncretizations in some temples, Saint Michael- Hanuman, Saint Peter- Sangili Karuppu, Saint Anthony- Muneswaran/Muniandi, and the Virgin Mary- Kali, Mariamman. Offerings are often adjusted to Trinidad's enviroment so many offerings are put in calabashes instead of thalis, and rum is commonly offered instead of Tamil spirits, even wine is found commonly, and food like chinese fried rice, doubles, bara, etc (which is often called soul food) can be found as offerings to the Devathas in temples like the Arjune Davi Niraj Shakti Temple. Another thing that I have seen is candles instead of diyas. Some temples have lit candles instead of diyas on banana leaves, along with the soul food in calabashes and bottles of water and liquors like wine and rum marked with tilak as offerings. I have also seen Buddha in some Hindu temples in Trinidad where he is interestingly enough not served through Hindu puja but through Chinese folk manners of worshipping using incense sticks waved three times up and down rather than in the aarti manner Hindus usually do, and being offered mandarins and other fruits, as well as tea. This is of course also done in conjuction with traditional Shaktism practices like the balidaan of coconuts, offering sambrani, thappu playing, etc. Martinique and Guadeloupe Like Trinidad, Martinique and Guadeloupe also often have Catholic syncretic elements but since the majority of Girmityas to these islands were Tamil then Bhojpuri influence is rarely found. Maldevidan Spiritism is a syncretic practice originating in the French Caribbean that has its origins in Caribbean Shaktism and Roman Catholicism. They worship Hindu gods represented as Catholic saints. They refer to these gods as "les bons dieux coolies" in French meaning "The holy Coolie Gods", "Coolie" being a slang word to signify East Indian. Many buildings hold on to Dravidian architecture, but you will often see practitioners cross themselves before entering temples, or seeing devathas being syncretized with saints: Jesus- Maldevildan (Madurai Veeran) Mary- Mariamman and her different forms Saint Michael- Kateriamman

 
 
 

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